From April 2001 to August 2011, spot gold prices more than quintupled in value against the US dollar, hitting a new all-time high of $1,913.50 on 23 August 2011,[151] prompting speculation that the long secular bear market had ended and a bull market had returned. On Earth, gold is found in ores in rock formed from the Precambrian time onward. [146], In late 2009, gold markets experienced renewed momentum upwards due to increased demand and a weakening US dollar. [87] However, for the indigenous peoples of North America gold was considered useless and they saw much greater value in other minerals which were directly related to their utility, such as obsidian, flint, and slate. Box 8700 St. John’s, NL A1B 4J6. [131] From an earlier preference in using silver, European economies re-established the minting of gold as coinage during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.[132]. [110] Further gold rushes occurred in California, Colorado, the Black Hills, Otago in New Zealand, a number of locations across Australia, Witwatersrand in South Africa, and the Klondike in Canada. Carbonates include other elements, such as calcium, iron, and copper. [47], Gold is thought to have been produced in supernova nucleosynthesis, and from the collision of neutron stars,[48] and to have been present in the dust from which the Solar System formed. This word is derived from the same root (Proto-Indo-European *h₂u̯es- "to dawn") as *h₂éu̯sōs, the ancestor of the Latin word Aurora, "dawn". The interaction is estimated to be comparable in strength to that of a hydrogen bond. [90][91], The symbol Au is from the Latin: aurum, the Latin word for "gold". GOLD. [10] Other major producers are Ghana, Burkina Faso, Mali, Indonesia and Uzbekistan. For example, gold is used in the connectors of the more expensive electronics cables, such as audio, video and USB cables. Recreational gold panning in Alberta’s rivers and streams using hand-held, non-mechanized equipment does not require a mineral agreement or licence. Common cyanide salts of gold such as potassium gold cyanide, used in gold electroplating, are toxic by virtue of both their cyanide and gold content. 1. [61][108] From these surface exposures the basin dips extensively, requiring some of the mining to occur at depths of nearly 4,000 m (13,000 ft), making them, especially the Savuka and TauTona mines to the south-west of Johannesburg, the deepest mines on earth. What the Vredefort impact achieved, however, was to distort the Witwatersrand basin in such a way that the gold-bearing rocks were brought to the present erosion surface in Johannesburg, on the Witwatersrand, just inside the rim of the original 300 km (190 mi) diameter crater caused by the meteor strike. The Armchair Trader. John Betts Fine Minerals Search for Gold McDougall Minerals Google Search for Gold Mineral News Website Link Rock and Mineral Shows Google Search for Gold Weinrich Minerals, Inc. Google Search for Gold. [9][120], According to World Gold Council, China is the world's largest single consumer of gold in 2013 and toppled India for the first time with Chinese consumption increasing by 32 percent in a year, while that of India only rose by 13 percent and world consumption rose by 21 percent. Some gold salts do have anti-inflammatory properties and at present two are still used as pharmaceuticals in the treatment of arthritis and other similar conditions in the US (sodium aurothiomalate and auranofin). Copyright ©1995-2014 by Amethyst Galleries, Inc. 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